Group 1 ------- adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuv(av)i, adjuv(at)us help, aid, encourage adoro, adorare, adoravi, adoratus adore, honor, worship, reverence aedifacio, aedifacere, -, - build, erect; create; establish applico, applicare, applicui, applicitus connect, contact approbo, approbare, approbavi, approbatus approve; confirm canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatus sing celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus celebrate clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus proclaim; shout clarifico, clarificare, clarificavi, clarificatus illuminate colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus place, put communico, communicare, communicavi, communicatus communicate; share comporto, comportare, comportavi, comportatus carry, transport condemno, condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus condemn, convict congrego, congregare, congregavi, congregatus collect, gather curo, curare, curavi, curatus see to; take care; cure; declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus declare delibero, deliberare, deliberavi, deliberatus deliberate demonstro, demonstrare, demonstravi, demonstratus to demonstrate, reveal denuntio, denuntiare, denuntiavi, denuntiatus announce, warn desidero, desiderare, desideravi, desideratus desire, want do, dare, dedi, datus give, hand over dono, donare, donavi, donatus give, donate dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus doubt; hesitate duro, durare, duravi, duratus harden; last, remain; endure educo, educare, educavi, educatus bring up; train; educate enumero, enumerare, enumeravi, enumeratus enumerate; count erro, errare, erravi, erratus go astray; err exalto, exaltare, exaltavi, exaltatus exalt, elevate, praise excito, excitare, excitavi, excitatus raise, erect; excite, stir up existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatus value; think; judge explano, explanare, explanavi, explanatus explain explico, explicare, explicavi, explicatus explain, explicate exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus expect, await exulto, exultare, exultavi, exultatus exult, leap, rejoice fabrico, fabricare, fabricavi, fabricatus build, construct fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus weary, tire, fatigue formo, formare, formavi, formatus form, shape genero, generare, generavi, generatus gernerate, beget, produce gusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus taste habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatus inhabit; live honoro, honorare, honoravi, honoratus honor, respect ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratus not know, be ignorant of immuto, immutare, immutavi, immutatus change, transform impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratus to ask and obtain, procure impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus order, command indico, indicare, indicavi, indicatus indicate judico, judicare, judicavi, judicatus judge; decide laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus work, labor; produce laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus praise magnifico, magnificare, magnificavi, magnificatus magnify, praise, exalt mico, micare, micui, - shine; tremble monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus show mortifico, mortificare, mortificavi, mortificatus mortify, subdue; kill; destroy noto, notare, notavi, notatus observe; record; write objurgo, objurgare, objurgavi, objurgatus scold, reproach observo, observare, observavi, observatus watch, observe occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus occupy opero, operare, operavi, operatus work paro, parare, paravi, paratus prepare pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatus sin, do wrong penetro, penetrare, penetravi, penetratus penetrate porto, portare, portavi, portatus carry, bring praedico, praedicare, praedicavi, praedicatus proclaim, preach praenuntio, praenuntiare, praenuntiavi, praenuntiatus foretell, preannounce praeoccupo, praeoccupare, praeoccupavi, praeoccupatus anticipate probo, probare, probavi, probatus approve, certify; test, prove proximo, proximare, proximavi, proximatus come near, approach publico, publicare, publicavi, publicatus make public; publish recipero, reciperare, reciperavi, reciperatus restore; recuperate recreo, recreare, recreavi, recreatus restore, revive (recreate) resono, resonare, resonavi, resonatus resound rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus ask; invite sacrifico, sacrificare, sacrificavi, sacrificatus sacrifice salto, saltare, saltavi, saltatus dance servo, servare, servavi, servatus keep, preserve, maintain significo, significare, significavi, significatus signify signo, signare, signavi, signatus mark, sign; seal specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus observe, watch, see sudo, sudare, sudavi, sudatus sweat, perspire; exude supero, superare, superavi, superatus overcome; surpass respecto, respectare, respectavi, respectatus respect, have regard for; await tormento, tormentare, tormentavi, tormentatus torment, torture tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus draw, pull; treat, discuss trano, tranare, tranavi, tranatus swim across vaco, vacare, vacavi, vacatus be vacant; be free venero, venerare, veneravi, veneratus adore, venerate; worship vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, vigilatus watch; be vigilant visito, visitare, visitavi, visitatus visit vivifico, vivificare, vivificavi, vivificatus vivify, bring to life volo, volare, volavi, volatus fly vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus wound, injure, harm; damage Group 2 ------- appareo, apparere, apparui, apparitus appear, seem debeo, debere, debui, debitus owe; ought, must exhibeo, exhibere, exhibui, exhibitus present; exhibit exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitus exercise, practice gaudeo, gaudere, -, gavisus sum be glad, rejoice habeo, habere, habui, habitus have, hold jaceo, jacere, jacui, jacitus lie (down); sleep jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus order, command luceo, lucere, luxi, - shine, light maneo, manere, mansi, mansus remain, stay moneo, monere, monui, monitus remind, advise, warn moveo, movere, movi, motus move, stir repleo, replere, replevi, repletus fill, complete rideo, ridere, risi, risus laugh rubeo, rubere, -, - be red, become red sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus sit suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasus recommend; suggest taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitus be silent teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus hold, keep tergeo, tergere, tersi, tersus wipe, wipe off; clean terreo, terrere, terrui, territus terrify, scare timeo, timere, timui, - fear valeo, valere, valui, valitus be strong/powerful/healthy video, videre, vidi, visus see Group 3 ------- abicio, abicere, abjeci, abjectus abandon absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, absolutus forgive, free accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus get, receive; accept, take acquiesco, acquiescere, acquievi, acquietus rest, repose; acquiesce (assent) addo, addere, addidi, additus add adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductus to lead (up/to); persuade, induce admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus admit affligo, affligere, afflixi, afflictus afflict, damage ago, agere, egi, actus drive, push; thank arguo, arguere, argui, argutus argue; accuse assumo, assumere, assumpsi, assumptus take up, assume agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, agnitus recognize, realize, acknowledge attero, atterere, attrivi, attritus rub; grind; chafe benedico, benedicere, benedixi, benedictus bless; praise bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitus drink caedo, caedere, c(a)ecidi, caesus strike, beat, whip cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus surround; enclose coepio, coepere, coepi, coeptus begin cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus collect, gather colo, colere, colui, cultus honor, worship; cultivate, tend compono, componere, composui, compositus build; compose concedo, concedere, concessi, concessus concede concipio, concipere, concepi, conceptus conceive; hold concupio, concupere, concupivi, concupitus desire; long for conecto, conectere, conexi, conexus join, fasten, connect; tie conjungo, conjungere, conjunxi, conjunctus unite, bring together constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus establish, create; erect; decide consulo, consulere, consului, consultus consult consurgo, consurgere, consurrexi, consurrectus rise; grow, spring up credo, credere, credidi, creditus believe, trust cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus grow; increase cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus wish for; desire, want decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretus decide, determine; decree, declare deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus choose, select desino, desinere, desii, desitus cease, stop, end destruo, destruere, destruxi, destructus destroy, ruin dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, tell diffluo, diffluere, diffluxi, diffluctus diffuse; melt away; waste away diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus love; approve disco, discere, didici, - learn dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus dispose, order dirigo, dirigere, direxi, directus direct, steer, guide diruo, diruere, dirui, dirutus destroy, raze, demolish duco, ducere, duxi, ductus lead; think effluo, effluere, effluxi, - flow; pass away eligo, eligere, elegi, electus pick out, choose (elect) erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus erect, build, raise erubesco, erubescere, erubui, - redden, blush; be ashamed of evolvo, evolvere, evolvi, evolutus develop; unroll; unfold; explain excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptus take out; remove expello, expellere, expuli, expulsus expel, drive out exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctus extinguish, put out, quench facio, facere, feci, factus do, make fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus deceive fervesco, fervescere, -, - grow hot, grow fervent fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus flee fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus pour; scatter gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry on; wage; accomplish impendo, impendere, impendi, impensus expend, spend; devote (to) impono, imponere, imposui, impositus impose infigo, infigere, infixi, infixus affix, implant; nail ingemisco, ingemiscere, ingimui, - sigh, groan (in pain) innotesco, innotescere, innotui, - become known/conspicuous instituo, instituere, institui, institutus institute, establish, found, make intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus understand; realize intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus intend; stretch intercipio, intercipere, intercepi, interceptus intercept; cut off, block jungo, jungere, junxi, junctus join, unite; connect laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus hurt, injure, wound lego, legere, legi, lectus read marcesco, marcescere, marcui, - wither, fade metuo, metuere, metui, - fear minuo, minuere, minui, minutus diminish, lessen, reduce mitto, mittere, misi, missus send, throw occido, occidere, occidi, occisus kill; die occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursus run to meet; occur; oppose percutio, percutere, percussi, percussus hit, strike perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus complete, finish perfundo, perfundere, perfudi, perfusus pour over, flood; coat peto, petere, petivi, petitus desire; request, ask pono, ponere, posui, positus put, place proicio, proicere, proieci, proiectus abandon; throw away propono, proponere, proposui, propositus propose; display psallo, psallere, psalli, - sing the psalms, play the cithara quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus seek, search for recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus recede; retreat reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus return; restore redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptus redeem rego, regere, rexi, rectus rule, direct relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus relinquish, leave; remain (pass.) resisto, resistere, restiti, - resist scido, scidere, scidi, scisus tear, rend serpo, serpere, serpsi, serptus crawl; creep ahead solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus dissolve, loosen spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus spread, scatter statuo, statuere, statui, statutus decide; establish submitto, submittere, submisi, submissus submit; put down subsisto, subsistere, substiti, - halt, stop surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus arise; grow suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptus accept, receive tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus touch trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus hand-over, deliver; relate, teach tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus divide, assign; grant, attribute vinco, vincere, vici, victus conquer, defeat vivo, vivere, vixi, victus be alive, live Group 3 irregular ------- affero, affer(e)re, attuli, allatus bring, carry aufero, aufer(e)re, abstuli, ablatus take away, remove fero, fer(e)re, tuli, latus bring; report, tell; receive, get refero, refer(e)re, rettuli, relatus bring back, return Group 4 ------- aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus open audio, audire, audivi, auditus hear, listen, accept convenio, convenire, conveni, conventus meet, convene, assemble custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditus keep; guard dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus sleep, rest exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditus hear clearly finio, finire, finivi, finitus finish; limit, end haurio, haurire, hausi, haustus drink invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus discover, find; invent nescio, nescire, nescivi, - not know, be ignorant punio, punire, punivi, punitus punish obvenio, obvenire, obveni, obventus meet, happen, fall to scio, scire, scivi, scitus know, understand sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus feel venio, venire, veni, ventus come other irregular verbs (most of them act similar to group 3) ------- adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus be near, be present possum, posse, potui, - can, be able adeo, adire, adivi(ii), aditus visit; approach abeo, abire, abivi(ii), abitus depart, go away eo, ire, ivi(ii), itus go nolo, nolle, nolui, - be unwilling; not want; refuse to pereo, perire, perivi(ii), peritus perish redeo, redire, redivi(ii), reditus return, go back volo, velle, volui, - wish, want Deponent Verbs ------- Group 1 ------- exhortor, exhortari, -, exhortatus sum exhort, encourage hortor, hortari, -, hortatus sum encourage; exhort laetor, laetari, -, laetatus sum be glad/joyful; rejoice Group 2 ------- confiteor, confiteri, -, confessus sum confess, admit fateor, fateri, -, fassus sum admit, confess profiteor, profiteri, -, professus sum declare; profess Group 3 ------- loquor, loqui, -, locutus sum speak; talk persequor, persequi, -, persecutus sum pursue; overtake; attack sequor, sequi, -, secutus sum follow, accompany; pursue Group 4 ------- largior, largiri, -, largitus sum grant; give gernerously