These prepositions take the object function, the same as we have already learned as the direct object of a verb (above).
Prepositions are unchangeable, and if using a "prep. with acc." the nouns (and any modifying adjectives) that follow take the object function.
| ad | towards, to; according to |
| adversus | toward, against |
| ante | before, in front of |
| apud | at, near, around, among, with; at house of, in works of |
| circa, circum, circiter | around, near |
| cis, citra | on this side of, short of |
| clam | unbeknown (unbeknownst) |
| contra | against, opposite |
| erga | towards (*beware: not "ergo" = therefore) |
| extra | outside of |
| infra | below (e.g. infrared) |
| inter | between, among |
| intra | within |
| juxta | beside, next to, according to (*later meaning) |
| ob | in front of, because of (e.g. obvious - ob via = in your path) |
| penes | in the possesion of |
| per | through, over, by, with help of (*beware: not italian) |
| post | behind, after |
| praeter | beyond, outside of |
| prope | near |
| propter | because of (near) |
| secundum | according to (*beware secundus -a -um = second) |
| supra | beyond |
| trans | over, beyond |
| ultra | beyond |
| usque | up to, continually |
| versus | toward |
Instructions Begin memorizing the list of Prepositions. Then do Homework 5
Why does your dictionary say "Accusative" for the "Object Function"? Latin has 7 different functions, and most latin textbooks have special names for each of them. These do not need to be learned but if you are curious:
| Nominative | Subject |
| Accusative | Object |
| Genitive | Possesion (Of) |
| Ablative | Object of Preposition (By, With, From, In) |
| Dative | Indirect Object (To, For) |
| Vocative | Direct Address |
| Locative | Place |
Note: the last 2 are rare and only learned by the very advanced student. The 5 cases are usually listed in textbooks in this order: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative.
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